翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Bourg-le-Comte ・ Bourg-le-Roi ・ Bourg-lès-Valence ・ Bourbon County ・ Bourbon County High School, Paris, Kentucky ・ Bourbon County, Kansas ・ Bourbon County, Kentucky ・ Bourbon Crow ・ Bourbon Democrat ・ Bourbon Dolphin ・ Bourbon family tree ・ Bourbon in Kentucky ・ Bourbon Kid ・ Bourbon Lancer ・ Bourbon Red ・ Bourbon Reforms ・ Bourbon Restoration ・ Bourbon Square Casino ・ Bourbon Stakes ・ Bourbon Street ・ Bourbon Street (Toronto) ・ Bourbon Street Beat ・ Bourbon Street Hotel and Casino ・ Bourbon Street Parade ・ Bourbon Tabernacle Choir ・ Bourbon Township ・ Bourbon Township, Boone County, Missouri ・ Bourbon Township, Callaway County, Missouri ・ Bourbon Township, Douglas County, Illinois ・ Bourbon Township, Marshall County, Indiana Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bourbon Reforms ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bourbon Reforms The Bourbon Reforms (in Spanish: ''Reformas Borbónicas'') were a set of economic and political legislation introduced by the Spanish Crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon throughout the 18th century. The reforms were intended to stimulate manufacturing and technology in order to modernize Spain. In Spanish America the reforms were designed to make the administration more efficient and to promote its economic, commercial, and fiscal development. The crown did this in hopes that it would have a positive effect on the economy of Spain. Furthermore, the Bourbon Reforms were intended to limit the power of Creoles and re-establish Spanish supremacy over their colonies.〔Ortega Noriega, Sergio. ("Las reformas borbónicas y la Independencia, 1767-1821" ), ''Breve historia de Sinaloa''. Mexico, 1999. ISBN 968-16-5378-5〕They achieved mixed results, alienated the local people of the Americas (which called themselves ''Criollos'') and eventually led to the demise of all overseas dominions of the Spanish crown.〔("The Bourbon Reforms" )〕 == Background == At the end of the 17th century, Spain was an ailing empire facing declining revenues and the loss of military power. It was ruled by a weak King, Charles II of Spain, who would leave no successors. Even before the death of Charles II, the European powers were already positioning themselves to see which noble house would procure the Spanish throne with its vast empire. Louis XIV of France asked for, and gained, the Pope's consent for his grandson, Philip of Anjou, a grand nephew of Charles II, to ascend the throne. On his deathbed Charles II willed the crown to this French-born successor. The transfer of the Spanish Crown to the Bourbons, in 1700, did not go uncontested. In the ensuing War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1713), Spain had to surrender some of its European territories, and grant the monopoly of the valuable slave trade with the Americas to England.〔Hill: ''Robert Harley'', 162–5; Wolf: ''Louis XIV'', 581; Pitt: ''The Pacification of Utrecht'', 460; Trevelyan: ''England'', III, 182–5〕 Philip V of Spain took measures intended to counter the decline of Spanish power. Even before the war the state of the Spanish empire was precarious. When Charles II died, the military was practically non- existent, consisting of one division, the treasury was bankrupt, and there was no promotion of commerce or industry. Philip V and his ministers needed to act quickly to reconstruct the empire. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bourbon Reforms」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.